Biosphere Reserves

  
Biosphere Reserves are places where ways towards sustainable coexistence of nature and humanity in harmony are studied and realized. They aim to protect nature and build a model where conservation of ecosystems and sustainable development harmonize while contributing to various environmental efforts such as adapting to climate change, conserving biodiversity and sustainable use of resources.

※ UNESCO operates the Man and Biosphere Programme (MAB) established in 1971, builds the World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR) and supports research, policy development and education for effective biodiversity conservation and sustainable development.

For further information on UNESCO MAB programme →

Functions and Zones

• Three functions of Biosphere Reserves Biosphere Reserves are not just about protecting nature; they are places where sustainable development models that allow nature and humanity to coexist are realized.
  To achieve this, they perform the following three functions

  Conservation

  Protecting biodiversity and cultural diversity

  Development

  Promoting economic development that is socially and culturally appropriate and environmentally sustainable

  Logistic Support

  Supporting development through research, monitoring and training/education

• Zones in Biosphere Reserves, by Purpose To safeguard nature and promote sustainable development, biosphere reserves are divided into three key zones. These zones are interconnected and can be adjusted to ensure harmony between nature and humans.

  Core AreasStrictly protected areas

  These areas are strictly protected to preserve ecosystems in their natural state

  • - Core areas protect ecosystems, species and genetic diversity
  • - Allow only limited research and monitoring with minimal human interference

  Buffer ZonesBalance between
  protection and use

  These zones surrounding the core areas allow nature to be sustainably used while it is protected.

  • - Zones where activities such as ecotourism, environmental education and research take place
  • - Core areas are protected while nature is utilized in a sustainable manner

  Transition AreasLiving space for coexistence of humans and nature

  These areas are where people live and engage in environmentally conscious economic activities.

  • - Areas for eco-friendly agriculture, sustainable tourism and traditional use of resources
  • - Local communities take the lead in harmonizing environmental protection with economic development

  For further information on UNESCO Biosphere Reserves →

Designation Criteria

• Areas which pursue the harmonization of nature conservation and sustainable development must meet the following criteria to be designated as UNESCO Biosphere Reserves

  1

  Protect ecological value and biodiversity

  • - Must include diverse ecosystems representing major biogeographical regions
  • - Must contribute to safeguarding biodiversity and habitats for endangered species

  2

  Provide sustainable development model

  • - Must be regions where environmental protection aligns with economic/social development
  • - Local communities should be able to sustainably utilize natural resources while protecting them.

  3

  Be appropriately sized and zoned

  • - Core areas, buffer zones and transition areas must be appropriately established for balance between conservation and use of nature.

  4

  Have an effective management and cooperation system

  • - Must involve collaboration among various stakeholders including government, local communities and research institutes
  • - Must include long-term conservation targets and management plan for sustainable development

  5

  Provide opportunities for research, training and cooperation

  • - Must facilitate research activities for ecosystem/environmental monitoring
  • - Must collaborate with local communities through environmental education/training and sustainable tourism initiatives

  For further information on the statutory framework of WNBR → For further information on the designation process of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves →

Biosphere Reserves around the World

• As of 2024, there are 759 UNESCO Biosphere Reserves in 136 countries worldwide. These reserves play a critical role in conserving nature and developing sustainably.

  Go to the list of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves →

Relevant Websites

• - Korea

  • UNESCO MAB National Committee of Korea

    

    Go to site

  
  

• -Overseas

  • UNESCO MAB Programme

    

    Go to site